The secrets of bruxism: an overview of neuroscientific fundamentals and clinical aspects in children and adults
Los secretos del bruxismo: Un vistazo a los fundamentos neurocientíficos y su clínica en niños y adultos
Authors: Tania López Hernández
Keywords: Physiotherapy. Bruxism. Neuroscience. Adult. Child
Keywords: Fisioterapia. Bruxismo. Neurociencia. Adulto. Niño
Abstract: Bruxism is a repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles that has garnered clinical interest due to its impact on oral health and associated muscular systems. Unlike common perception, bruxism is not classified as a disease but rather as an activity that can act as an alarm signal for underlying conditions. This presentation will provide a clear definition of bruxism, emphasizing its role as an "alarm" rather than a pathological disorder, and will discuss its multifactorial origins, including stress, respiratory and digestive disorders, as well as certain lifestyle factors (stimulant use, medications, pre-existing conditions, etc.). Clinical diagnostic methods will be discussed, differentiating between awake bruxism and sleep bruxism, as well as current treatment approaches, which range from dental splints and physiotherapy to behavioral interventions, habit modification, and/or sleep hygiene. The presentation will also cover the differences in the manifestation and management of bruxism between children and adults, highlighting how the developing neuromuscular system in children affects both diagnosis and treatment. The talk will underline the specific characteristics of bruxism in children, who, in addition to displaying distinct patterns from adults, are often exposed to additional risk factors such as oral breathing, sleep disorders, and electronic device use, all of which increase the incidence of childhood bruxism. This comparative approach aims to equip clinicians with a deeper understanding of bruxism across the lifespan, promoting more personalized and effective interventions and laying the foundation for prevention and treatment from an early age.
Abstract : El bruxismo es una actividad repetitiva de la musculatura masticatoria que ha suscitado interés clínico debido a su impacto en la salud oral y de los sistemas musculares asociados. A diferencia de la percepción común, el bruxismo no se clasifica como una enfermedad, sino como una actividad que puede funcionar como una señal de alarma ante condiciones subyacentes. Esta ponencia ofrecerá una definición clara de bruxismo, enfatizando su papel como una "alarma" y no como un trastorno patológico, abordando sus orígenes multifactoriales, que incluyen factores como el estrés, trastornos respiratorios y digestivos, así como ciertos hábitos de vida (consumo de excitantes, medicación, patologías previas, etc.). Se abordarán los métodos de diagnóstico en clínica, diferenciando el bruxismo de vigilia del bruxismo del sueño, y se discutirán los tratamientos más actuales, que abarcan desde férulas dentales, fisioterapia, abordajes conductuales, modificación de hábitos y/o higiene del sueño. Además, se presentarán las diferencias en la manifestación y manejo del bruxismo entre niños y adultos, destacando cómo las características del sistema neuromuscular en desarrollo de los niños afectan tanto el diagnóstico como el tratamiento. La ponencia subrayará las particularidades del bruxismo en niños, quienes, además de mostrar patrones distintos a los adultos, a menudo están expuestos a factores de riesgo adicionales como la respiración oral, trastornos del sueño y uso de dispositivos electrónicos, factores que aumentan la incidencia del bruxismo infantil. Este enfoque comparativo busca dotar a los clínicos de una comprensión más profunda del bruxismo a lo largo del ciclo de vida, promoviendo intervenciones más personalizadas y efectivas, y estableciendo una base para la prevención y el tratamiento desde una edad temprana.
08-12-2024
Tania López Hernández
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| Citation: Tania López Hernández. Los secretos del bruxismo: Un vistazo a los fundamentos neurocientíficos y su clínica en niños y adultos. https://doi.org/10.24175/sbd.2024.000123 |
| Received: December 08, 2024 Accepted: December 08, 2024 Published: December 08, 2024 |
| Copyright: © 2024 Tania López Hernández. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC), which allows, distribution, reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited and non-commercial use. |
| Funding: I certify that no funding has been received for the conduct of this study and/or preparation of this manuscript. |
| Conflicts of Interest: I have no conflicts of interest to declare |
Los secretos del bruxismo: Un vistazo a los fundamentos neurocientíficos y su clínica en niños y adultos
Tania López Hernández
Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, España
Mail de contacto: tania.lopez@urv.cat
Palabras clave: Fisioterapia, Bruxismo, Neurociencia, Adulto, Niño.
Resumen del contenido
El bruxismo es una actividad repetitiva de la musculatura masticatoria que ha suscitado interés clínico debido a su impacto en la salud oral y de los sistemas musculares asociados. A diferencia de la percepción común, el bruxismo no se clasifica como una enfermedad, sino como una actividad que puede funcionar como una señal de alarma ante condiciones subyacentes. Esta ponencia ofrecerá una definición clara de bruxismo, enfatizando su papel como una "alarma" y no como un trastorno patológico, abordando sus orígenes multifactoriales, que incluyen factores como el estrés, trastornos respiratorios y digestivos, así como ciertos hábitos de vida (consumo de excitantes, medicación, patologías previas, etc.).
Se abordarán los métodos de diagnóstico en clínica, diferenciando el bruxismo de vigilia del bruxismo del sueño, y se discutirán los tratamientos más actuales, que abarcan desde férulas dentales, fisioterapia, abordajes conductuales, modificación de hábitos y/o higiene del sueño. Además, se presentarán las diferencias en la manifestación y manejo del bruxismo entre niños y adultos, destacando cómo las características del sistema neuromuscular en desarrollo de los niños afectan tanto el diagnóstico como el tratamiento.
La ponencia subrayará las particularidades del bruxismo en niños, quienes, además de mostrar patrones distintos a los adultos, a menudo están expuestos a factores de riesgo adicionales como la respiración oral, trastornos del sueño y uso de dispositivos electrónicos, factores que aumentan la incidencia del bruxismo infantil. Este enfoque comparativo busca dotar a los clínicos de una comprensión más profunda del bruxismo a lo largo del ciclo de vida, promoviendo intervenciones más personalizadas y efectivas, y estableciendo una base para la prevención y el tratamiento desde una edad temprana.
Referencias:
1. Baad-Hansen L, Thymi M, Lobbezoo F, Svensson P. To what extent is bruxism associated with musculoskeletal signs and symptoms? A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. Sep 2019;46(9):845-861. doi: 10.1111/joor.12821.
2. Bach SL, Moreira FP, Goettems ML, Brancher LC, Oses JP, da Silva RA, Jansen K. Salivary cortisol levels and biological rhythm in schoolchildren with sleep bruxism. Sleep Med. Feb 2019;54:48-52. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.09.031.
3. Ciancaglini R, Gherlone EF, Radaelli G. The relationship of bruxism with craniofacial pain and symptoms from the masticatory system in the adult population. J Oral Rehabil. Sep 2001;28(9):842-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00753.x. PMID: 11580822.
4. Fernández P, Delgado R, Castellanos JL. Alteraciones del sueño y bruxismo. ADM. 2018;75(4):187-195.
5. Güler N, Yatmaz PI, Ataoglu H, Emlik D, Uckan S. Temporomandibular internal derangement: correlation of MRI findings with clinical symptoms of pain and joint sounds in patients with bruxing behaviour. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. Sep 2003;32(5):304-10. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/24534480. PMID: 14709605.
6. Lavigne GJ, Kato T, Kolta A, Sessle BJ. Neurobiological mechanisms involved in sleep bruxism. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(1):30-46. doi: 10.1177/154411130301400104. PMID: 12764018.
7. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, Wetselaar P, Glaros AG, Kato T, Santiago V, Winocur E, De Laat A, De Leeuw R, Koyano K, Lavigne GJ, Svensson P, Manfredini D. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil. Nov 2018;45(11):837-844. doi: 10.1111/joor.12663.
8. Manfredini D, Landi N, Fantoni F, Segù M, Bosco M. Anxiety symptoms in clinically diagnosed bruxers. J Oral Rehabil. Ago 2005;32(8):584-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01462.x. PMID: 16011637.
9. Manfredini D, Lombardo L, Siciliani G. Temporomandibular disorders and dental occlusion. A systematic review of association studies: end of an era? J Oral Rehabil. Nov 2017;44(11):908-923. doi: 10.1111/joor.12531.
10. Melo G, Duarte J, Pauletto P, Porporatti AL, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Winocur E, Flores-Mir C, De Luca Canto G. Bruxism: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. J Oral Rehabil. Jul 2019;46(7):666-690. doi: 10.1111/joor.12801.
11. Nieto S, Tiscareño H, Castellanos JL. Neurofisiología y bruxismo. ADM. 2018;75(4):202-2013.
12. Oh JS, Zaghi S, Ghodousi N, Peterson C, Silva D, Lavigne GJ, Yoon AJ. Determinants of probable sleep bruxism in a pediatric mixed dentition population: a multivariate analysis of mouth vs. nasal breathing, tongue mobility, and tonsil size. Sleep Med. Gen 2021;77:7-13. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.11.007.
13. Padros-Auge J, Nouhaila Z, Miquel C, Morales-Vigo A, Sebastién C, Laurine P. Diagnostic criteria for bruxism: A Scoping Review. Journal of Oral He. 2023;12(3):98–104.
14. Raphael KG, Santiago V, Lobbezoo F. Is bruxism a disorder or a behaviour? Rethinking the international consensus on defining and grading of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. Oct 2016;43(10):791-8. doi: 10.1111/joor.12413.
15. Restrepo C, Manfredini D, Lobbezoo F. Sleep behaviors in children with different frequencies of parental-reported sleep bruxism. J Dent. Nov 2017;66:83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.08.005.
16. Tay DKL, Pang KP. Clinical phenotype of South-East Asian temporomandibular disorder patients with upper airway resistance syndrome. J Oral Rehabil. Gen 2018;45(1):25-33. doi: 10.1111/joor.12551.
17. Zhang L, Hu L, Li X, Zhang J, Chen B. The DRD2 rs1800497 polymorphism increase the risk of mood disorder: evidence from an update meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. Abr 2014;158:71-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.015.
The secrets of bruxism: an overview of neuroscientific fundamentals and clinical aspects in children and adults
Tania López Hernández
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
Contact e-mail: tania.lopez@urv.cat
Keywords: Physiotherapy, Bruxism, Neuroscience, Adult, Child.
Content Summary
Bruxism is a repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles that has garnered clinical interest due to its impact on oral health and associated muscular systems. Unlike common perception, bruxism is not classified as a disease but rather as an activity that can act as an alarm signal for underlying conditions. This presentation will provide a clear definition of bruxism, emphasizing its role as an "alarm" rather than a pathological disorder, and will discuss its multifactorial origins, including stress, respiratory and digestive disorders, as well as certain lifestyle factors (stimulant use, medications, pre-existing conditions, etc.).
Clinical diagnostic methods will be discussed, differentiating between awake bruxism and sleep bruxism, as well as current treatment approaches, which range from dental splints and physiotherapy to behavioral interventions, habit modification, and/or sleep hygiene. The presentation will also cover the differences in the manifestation and management of bruxism between children and adults, highlighting how the developing neuromuscular system in children affects both diagnosis and treatment.
The talk will underline the specific characteristics of bruxism in children, who, in addition to displaying distinct patterns from adults, are often exposed to additional risk factors such as oral breathing, sleep disorders, and electronic device use, all of which increase the incidence of childhood bruxism. This comparative approach aims to equip clinicians with a deeper understanding of bruxism across the lifespan, promoting more personalized and effective interventions and laying the foundation for prevention and treatment from an early age.
References:
1. Baad-Hansen L, Thymi M, Lobbezoo F, Svensson P. To what extent is bruxism associated with musculoskeletal signs and symptoms? A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. Sep 2019;46(9):845-861. doi: 10.1111/joor.12821.
2. Bach SL, Moreira FP, Goettems ML, Brancher LC, Oses JP, da Silva RA, Jansen K. Salivary cortisol levels and biological rhythm in schoolchildren with sleep bruxism. Sleep Med. Feb 2019;54:48-52. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.09.031.
3. Ciancaglini R, Gherlone EF, Radaelli G. The relationship of bruxism with craniofacial pain and symptoms from the masticatory system in the adult population. J Oral Rehabil. Sep 2001;28(9):842-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00753.x. PMID: 11580822.
4. Fernández P, Delgado R, Castellanos JL. Alteraciones del sueño y bruxismo. ADM. 2018;75(4):187-195.
5. Güler N, Yatmaz PI, Ataoglu H, Emlik D, Uckan S. Temporomandibular internal derangement: correlation of MRI findings with clinical symptoms of pain and joint sounds in patients with bruxing behaviour. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. Sep 2003;32(5):304-10. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/24534480. PMID: 14709605.
6. Lavigne GJ, Kato T, Kolta A, Sessle BJ. Neurobiological mechanisms involved in sleep bruxism. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(1):30-46. doi: 10.1177/154411130301400104. PMID: 12764018.
7. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, Wetselaar P, Glaros AG, Kato T, Santiago V, Winocur E, De Laat A, De Leeuw R, Koyano K, Lavigne GJ, Svensson P, Manfredini D. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil. Nov 2018;45(11):837-844. doi: 10.1111/joor.12663.
8. Manfredini D, Landi N, Fantoni F, Segù M, Bosco M. Anxiety symptoms in clinically diagnosed bruxers. J Oral Rehabil. Ago 2005;32(8):584-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01462.x. PMID: 16011637.
9. Manfredini D, Lombardo L, Siciliani G. Temporomandibular disorders and dental occlusion. A systematic review of association studies: end of an era? J Oral Rehabil. Nov 2017;44(11):908-923. doi: 10.1111/joor.12531.
10. Melo G, Duarte J, Pauletto P, Porporatti AL, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Winocur E, Flores-Mir C, De Luca Canto G. Bruxism: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. J Oral Rehabil. Jul 2019;46(7):666-690. doi: 10.1111/joor.12801.
11. Nieto S, Tiscareño H, Castellanos JL. Neurofisiología y bruxismo. ADM. 2018;75(4):202-2013.
12. Oh JS, Zaghi S, Ghodousi N, Peterson C, Silva D, Lavigne GJ, Yoon AJ. Determinants of probable sleep bruxism in a pediatric mixed dentition population: a multivariate analysis of mouth vs. nasal breathing, tongue mobility, and tonsil size. Sleep Med. Gen 2021;77:7-13. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.11.007.
13. Padros-Auge J, Nouhaila Z, Miquel C, Morales-Vigo A, Sebastién C, Laurine P. Diagnostic criteria for bruxism: A Scoping Review. Journal of Oral He. 2023;12(3):98–104.
14. Raphael KG, Santiago V, Lobbezoo F. Is bruxism a disorder or a behaviour? Rethinking the international consensus on defining and grading of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. Oct 2016;43(10):791-8. doi: 10.1111/joor.12413.
15. Restrepo C, Manfredini D, Lobbezoo F. Sleep behaviors in children with different frequencies of parental-reported sleep bruxism. J Dent. Nov 2017;66:83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.08.005.
16. Tay DKL, Pang KP. Clinical phenotype of South-East Asian temporomandibular disorder patients with upper airway resistance syndrome. J Oral Rehabil. Gen 2018;45(1):25-33. doi: 10.1111/joor.12551.
17. Zhang L, Hu L, Li X, Zhang J, Chen B. The DRD2 rs1800497 polymorphism increase the risk of mood disorder: evidence from an update meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. Abr 2014;158:71-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.015.
